基因编辑技术在猪分子育种中的研究进展与前景展望

doi:10.16174/j.issn.1673-4645.2025.02.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 作为最早被驯化的物种之一，猪的育种改良始终是生猪产业发展的核心驱动力。与生猪传统育种的周期长、性状筛选效率低等不足相比，基因编辑技术能做到精准定位目标基因位点，实现各类如生长发育、抗病能力和繁殖性状等经济性状的定向改良，显著提高生猪的育种效率。此外，在当前严峻的传统育种背景下，基因编辑技术的应用还有助于解决我国生猪生产中面临的挑战。不过由于基因编辑技术的种类繁多，其原理又各不相同，有较高技术门槛；因此，本文系统梳理了当前基因编辑技术的作用原理、主要类型、应用现状，探讨与分析生物伦理安全问题及当前面临的机遇与挑战。在确保生物安全的前提下，为保障肉类安全供给，推动我国生猪种业实现跨越式发展提供一定参考。

关键词: 基因编辑, 猪, 分子育种, 应用, 发展前景, 抗病能力, 繁殖性状

Abstract: As one of the earliest domesticated species, the breeding improvement of pigs had always been the core driving force for the development of the pig industry. Compared with the drawbacks of traditional pig breeding, such as long breeding cycles and low efficiency in trait screening, gene-editing technology could precisely locate target gene loci, achieve targeted improvement of various economic traits such as growth and development, disease resistance, and reproductive traits, and significantly enhance the efficiency of pig breeding. Moreover, in the current challenging context of traditional breeding, the application of gene-editing technology also helped to address the challenges faced in China's pig production. However, due to the wide variety of gene-editing technologies with different principles, there was a relatively high technical threshold. Therefore, this paper systematically summarized the working principles, main types, and application status of current gene - editing technologies, and discussed and analyzed biological and ethical safety issues as well as the current opportunities and challenges. On the premise of ensuring biological safety, it provided certain references for guaranteeing the safe supply of meat and promoting the leap - forward development of China's pig breeding industry, and promoting the leapfrog development of China's pig breeding industry.

Key words: gene editing technology, pig, molecular breeding, application, development prospects, disease resistance, reproductive traits

中图分类号: S828；S814.8

李云蕾, 叶凯文, 熊明福, 李健, 刘亚星, 李超程, 孔思远, 张永生. 基因编辑技术在猪分子育种中的研究进展与前景展望[J]. 中国猪业, 2025, 20(2): 35-50.

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