发酵竹粉对育肥猪生长性能、养分表观消化率等方面的影响

doi:10.16174/j.issn.1673-4645.2026.05.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究旨在探究发酵竹粉对育肥猪生长性能、养分表观消化率、血清生化指标及粪便微生物的影响。选取日龄和体重相近的健康“杜×长×大”三元杂交育肥猪144头，随机均分为3个处理组，每组6个重复，每个重复8头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，2个试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加3%和5%的发酵竹粉，分别为CON组、FBP3组和FBP5组。结果显示，与CON组相比，FBP3组和FBP5组育肥猪的终末体重显著降低（P＜0.05），FBP5组的平均日增重显著低于CON组（P＜0.05），FBP3组和FBP5组的平均日采食量均低于CON组，且FBP5组的平均日采食量低于FBP3组，但均未达到显著水平（P＞0.05）。FBP3组和FBP5组育肥猪的干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分及总能的表观消化率显著高于CON组（P＜0.05）。与CON组相比，FBP5组血清葡萄糖含量显著降低（P＜0.05），FBP5组血清甘油三酯含量显著提高（P＜0.05），同时，FBP3组血清中丙二醛含量显著升高（P＜0.05），总抗氧化能力显著降低（P＜0.05）。与CON组相比，FBP3组和FBP5组Shannon指数显著提高、Simpson指数显著降低（P＜0.05），FBP5组链球菌属的相对丰度显著降低，FBP3组和FBP5组梭菌属、特里斯孢菌属的相对丰度显著提高（P＜0.05）。结果表明，发酵竹粉可通过调控肠道微生物微生态改善育肥猪肠道健康，促进营养物质消化利用，为避免发酵竹粉纤维含量高、营养浓度低而引起的育肥猪采食量下降影响其生长速度，发酵竹粉在饲粮中添加比例不宜超过3%。

关键词: 发酵竹粉, 育肥猪, 生长性能, 养分消化率, 粪便微生物

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the effects of fermented bamboo powder on growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical indices and fecal microbiota of finishing pigs. A total of 144 healthy “Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire” cross‑bred finishing pigs with similar age and body weight were randomly assigned to three treatment groups, with six replicates per group and eight pigs per replicate. Pigs in the control group were fed a basal diet, while the two experimental groups were fed basal diets supplemented with 3% and 5% fermented bamboo powder, designated as CON, FBP3 and FBP5 groups, respectively. Compared with the CON group, final body weight was significantly decreased in FBP3 and FBP5 groups (P＜0.05), and average daily gain was significantly lower in the FBP5 group (P＜0.05). The average daily feed intake (ADFI) in the FBP3 and FBP5 groups was lower than that in the CON group. The ADFI of the FBP5 group was lower than that of the FBP3 group, but the differences were not significant (P＞0.05). The apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, ash and gross energy in FBP3 and FBP5 groups was significantly higher than that in the CON group (P＜0.05). For serum parameters, serum glucose concentration was significantly reduced while serum triglyceride concentration was significantly elevated in the FBP5 group (P＜0.05). Meanwhile, the FBP3 group exhibited significantly higher serum malondialdehyde content and significantly lower total antioxidant capacity (P＜0.05). In terms of fecal microbiota, Shannon index was significantly increased and the Simpson index was significantly decreased in FBP3 and FBP5 groups (P＜0.05). The relative abundance of Streptococcus was significantly reduced in the FBP5 group, whereas the relative abundances of Clostridium and Terrisporobacter were significantly increased in both FBP3 and FBP5 groups (P＜0.05). Fermented bamboo powder can improve intestinal health and promote nutrient digestion and utilization of finishing pigs by regulating intestinal microecology. Considering that the high fiber content and low nutritional concentration of fermented bamboo powder may reduce feed intake and further impair the growth rate of finishing pigs, the supplemental level of fermented bamboo powder in finishing pig diets should not exceed 3%.

Key words: fermented bamboo powder, finishing pigs, growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota

中图分类号: S828；S816.4

汪审岳, 李凯, 吴盈盈, 史凯, 周潇, 戴久丽, 陈淑芳, 秦宏钿. 发酵竹粉对育肥猪生长性能、养分表观消化率等方面的影响[J]. 中国猪业, 2026, 21(5): 80-91.

WANG Shenyue, LI Kai, WU Yingying, SHI Kai, ZHOU Xiao, DAI Jiuli, CHEN Shufang, QIN HongDian. Effects of fermented bamboo powder on growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility and other aspects of finishing pigs[J]. China Swine Industry, 2026, 21(5): 80-91.

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