发酵苜蓿在猪生产中的应用研究进展

doi:10.16174/j.issn.1673-4645.2026.04.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 苜蓿是重要的优质豆科饲草资源，富含蛋白质、膳食纤维、黄酮、皂苷、多糖及植物雌激素等营养与活性成分，但纤维含量较高、木质化程度较重，限制了其在猪日粮中的直接应用。发酵处理可改善苜蓿感官品质和贮藏性能，促进细胞壁组分降解、蛋白质及其活性成分转化，并提高适口性和饲用价值。本文围绕发酵苜蓿在猪生产中的应用，综述苜蓿主要活性成分及发酵转化的影响因素，以及对猪生长性能、抗氧化能力、脂质代谢、肉品质、肠道健康、繁殖性能等的影响。现有研究表明，发酵苜蓿品质受原料成熟度、含水量、菌剂及添加剂组合、压实密度、密封质量和发酵时间等因素共同影响；在猪生产中，适量添加有助于改善饲料利用率、保护肠道屏障、提高抗氧化状态和肉品质，但过量添加可能因能量稀释、纤维负荷增加而抑制猪的生长。未来应加强发酵产品质量标准、猪不同阶段适宜添加量、作用机制及规模化应用研究，为发酵苜蓿在生猪生产中的科学利用提供依据。

关键词: 发酵苜蓿, 猪, 生长性能, 肉品质, 肠道健康

Abstract: Alfalfa is an important high-quality leguminous forage resource rich in protein, dietary fiber, flavonoids, saponins, polysaccharides, phytoestrogens, and other nutritional and bioactive components. However, its direct use in pig diets is limited by its high fiber content and lignification. Fermentation can improve the sensory quality and storage performance of alfalfa, promote the degradation of cell wall components and the transformation of proteins and bioactive substances, and thereby enhance palatability and feeding value. This review focused on the application of fermented alfalfa in pig production, including the main bioactive components of alfalfa and their fermentation-related changes, and the effected on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, lipid metabolism, meat quality, intestinal health, and reproductive performance in pigs. Available evidence indicated that the quality of fermented alfalfa was jointly affected by raw material maturity and moisture, inoculant and additive combinations, packing density, sealing quality, and fermentation time. Appropriate inclusion levels may improve feed utilization, protect intestinal barrier function, promote antioxidant status, and meat quality, whereas excessive inclusion may inhibit growth because of energy dilution and increased fiber load. Future studies should strengthen quality standards, optimal inclusion levels for different pig stages, mechanisms of action, and large-scale application.

Key words: fermented Alfalfa, pig, growth performance, meat quality, intestinal health

中图分类号: S828；S816.6

吴鹏, 黄兴国, 蒋文欣, 李华丽, 胡雄贵, 任慧波, 刘莹莹. 发酵苜蓿在猪生产中的应用研究进展[J]. 中国猪业, 2026, 21(4): 122-134.

WU Peng, HUANG Xingguo, JIANG Wenxin, LI Huali, HU Xionggui, REN Huibo, LIU Yingying. Research progress on the application of fermented alfalfa in pig production[J]. China Swine Industry, 2026, 21(4): 122-134.

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