猪配合饲料中铅、镉、铬、砷含量的调查研究

doi:10.16174/j.issn.1673-4645.2026.05.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文旨在评估猪不同生长阶段配合饲料中重金属的含量，试验共采集152批次的饲料产品，样品经干灰化法进行前处理后，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定样品中铅、镉、铬等3种重金属元素含量，采用原子荧光光谱法测定样品中砷元素的含量。结果表明：152批次猪配合饲料中的镉最高含量为0.1mg/kg（国家饲料卫生限量标准≤0.5mg/kg）、砷的最高含量为0.62mg/kg（国家饲料卫生限量标准≤2mg/kg），未超过国家饲料卫生限量标准。但152个饲料样品中，有2个样品的铅含量超过国家饲料卫生限量标准（≤5mg/kg），超标率为1.32%；18个样品铬含量超过国家饲料卫生限量标准（≤5mg/kg），超标率为11.84%。铅超标的饲料主要是仔猪配合饲料，铬超标的饲料主要有仔猪配合饲料、生长猪配合饲料和母猪配合饲料。综上所述，本次采样检测的部分样品存在铅、铬含量超标的情况，但超标率不高，提示猪配合饲料存在部分重金属超标的潜在隐患，尤其仔猪配合饲料中铅和铬的超标，需予以关注。

关键词: 猪, 配合饲料, 铅, 镉, 铬, 砷, 检测

Abstract: The purpose of this survey was to evaluate the content of heavy metals in swine formula feed at different growth stages. A total of 152 feed products were collected. After pretreatment by dry ashing method, the content of lead, cadmium and chromium in the samples was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the content of arsenic in the samples was determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The results showed that the highest cadmium content in 152 batches of pig compound feed was 0.1 mg/kg (the national feed hygiene limit standard is ≤0.5 mg/kg), and the highest arsenic content was 0.62 mg/kg (the national feed hygiene limit standard is ≤2 mg/kg), which did not exceed the national feed hygiene limit standard. However, among the 152 feed products, 2 samples exceeded the national feed hygiene limit standard (≤5 mg/kg) for lead content, with an exceedance rate of 1.32%. Additionally, 18 samples exceeded the national feed hygiene limit standard (≤5 mg/kg) for chromium content, with an exceedance rate of 11.84%. The feed with excessive lead content was mainly piglet compound feed, while the feed with excessive chromium content mainly included piglet compound feed, growing pig compound feed, and sow compound feed. To sum up, the lead and chromium content of some samples tested in this sample exceed the standard, but the over-standard rate was not high. It was suggested that there were some potential hidden dangers of excessive heavy metals in swine formula feed, especially lead and chromium in compound feed for piglets, which requires attention.

Key words: swine, formula feed, lead, cadmium, chromium, arsenic, test

中图分类号: S828；S816.72

卞正容, 程传民, 蒋鑫, 陈飞, 丁小荞. 猪配合饲料中铅、镉、铬、砷含量的调查研究[J]. 中国猪业, 2026, 21(5): 92-97.

BIAN Zhengrong, CHENG Chuanmin, JIANG Xin, CHEN Fei, DING Xiaoqiao. A survey on lead, cadmium, chromium, and arsenic contents in swine formula feed[J]. China Swine Industry, 2026, 21(5): 92-97.

参考文献

[1] 马丽萍, 孟秋峰. 饲料重金属残留的危害与应对措施[J]. 浙江畜牧兽医, 2024, 49(3):25-26. MA L P, MENG Q F. The harm of heavy metal residues and the countermeasures in feed[J]. Zhejiang Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 49(3):25-26. [2] ZHANG Y N, LI Y, WANG X Y, et al. Heavy metal levels in milk and dairy products and health risk assessment: A systematic review of studies in China[J]. Food Science and Human Wellness, 2023, 12(2):447?458. [3] NAG R,O'ROURKE SM,CUMMINS E, et al. Risk factors and assessment strategies for the evaluation of human or environmental risk from metal(loid)s - a focus on Ireland[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2022, 802:149839. [4] 赵波. 余甘子冻干粉拮抗镉暴露致小鼠肝肾损伤的作用及机制研究[D]. 大理: 大理大学, 2025. ZHAO B. Role and mechanism of freeze-dried powder of phyllanthus emblica L. on antagonizing liver and kidney injury induced by cadmium exposure in [D]. Dali: Dali University, 2025. [5] 周江, 向晓霞, 丁建武, 等. 猪肉和猪肝肾中铅镉汞检测的结果分析[J]. 中国卫生检验杂志, 2011, 21(10): 2590-2591. ZHOU J, XIANG X X, DING J W, et al. Analysis of the results of lead, cadmium and mercury detection in pork and pig liver and kidney[J]. Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology, 2011, 21(10): 2590-2591. [6] 段渴慧. 大量使用非常规饲料对育肥猪生产性能的影响[D]. 延吉: 延边大学, 2007. DUAN K H. Effect on using plenty of unconventionality feedstuff on production capability of fatten pigs[D]. Yanji: Yanbian University, 2007. [7] 柳羚. 环境重金属污染物镉和铬对小鼠的免疫和抗氧化系统影响的研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江工业大学, 2015. LIU L. Effects of environmental heavy metals cadmium and chromium on the anti-oxidative and immune system[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University of Technology, 2015. [8] 李梁, 庞学良, 赵瑞玲. 概述饲料中重金属的污染与监督[J]. 现代食品, 2023, 29(4): 115-117. LI L, PANG X L, ZHAO R L. Summarize the pollution and supervision of heavy metals in feed[J]. Modern Food, 2023, 29(4): 115-117. [9] 郑江平, 肖长峰, 李复煌. 重金属元素对动物和生态环境的影响研究[J]. 饲料研究, 2020, 43(8): 152-157. ZHENG J P, XIAO C F, LI F H. Study on the effects of heavy metal elements on animals and ecological environment[J]. Feed Research, 2020, 43(8): 152-157. [10] QIN G W, NIU Z D, YU J D, et al. Soil heavy metal pollution and food safety in China: effects, sources and removal technology[J]. Chemosphere, 2021, 267: 129205. [11] 吴浩, 匡伟, 刘永, 等. 江苏省南京市生猪屠宰企业现状与问题对策浅析[J]. 中国猪业, 2023, 18(5): 125-129. WU H, KUANG W, LIU Y, et al. Analysis on the present situation and problems of pig slaughtering enterprises in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province[J]. China Swine Industry, 2023, 18(5): 125-129. [12] 邱美珍, 张星, 周桑扬, 等. 猪粪水沼气发酵后理化特性变化及农用风险评估[J]. 中国猪业, 2025, 20(6): 80-88. QIU M Z, ZHANG X, ZHOU S Y, et al. Changes in physicochemical properties and agricultural application risk assessment of pig manure after biogas fermentation[J]. China Swine Industry, 2025, 20(6): 80-88. [13] 何波澜, 黄勤楼, 钟珍梅, 等. 福建省猪场粪污及土壤重金属含量的调查研究[J]. 福建畜牧兽医, 2015, 37(5): 13-17. HE B L, HUANG Q L, ZHONG Z M, et al. Research of contents of heavy metals in swine manure pollution and soil in Fujian Province[J]. Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine Fujian, 2015, 37(5): 13-17. [14] 国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 14699-2023饲料采样[S]. State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of China. GB/T 14699-2023 Feed-sampling[S]. [15] 国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T20195-2024动物饲料试样的制备[S]. State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of China. GB/T20195-2024 Animal feed—preparation of test samples[S]. [16] 国家卫生健康委员会, 国家市场监督管理总局. GB 5009.268-2025食品安全国家标准食品中多元素的测定[S]. National Health Commission, State Administration for Market Regulation. GB 5009.268-2025 National food safety standard—Determination of multi-elements in food[S]. [17] 国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会 GB/T13079-2022 饲料中总砷的测定[S]. State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of China. GB/T13079-2022 Determination of total arsenic in feeds[S]. [18] 黄庆生, 陆泳霖, 刘芊麟. 2025年全国饲料工业发展概况[J]. 中国饲料, 2026, (5):1-7. HUANG Q S, LU Y L, LIU Q L, et al.general situation of national feed industry in 2025[J]. China Feed, 2025, (5):1-7. [19] 何晖. 饲料中铜、锌、铅、砷、铬、镉的测定——电感耦合等离子体质谱法的建立与验证[J]. 福建畜牧兽医, 2026, 48(3): 8-11. HE H. Determination of copper, zinc, lead, arsenic, chromium, and cadmium in feed-Establishment and validation of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine Fujian, 2026, 48(3): 8-11. [20] 高翔, 王龙, 赵全成, 等. 我国饲料质量安全监管逻辑[J]. 中国畜牧业, 2026(6): 30-32. GAO X, WANG L, ZHAO Q C, et al. Logic of feed quality and safety supervision in China[J]. China Animal Industry, 2026(6): 30-32. [21] 刘昨, 张飞飞, 封奕行, 等. 2020—2022年广西饲料和饲料添加剂中重金属元素含量分析[J]. 南方农业, 2024, 18(10): 67-69. LIU Z, ZHANG F F, FENG Y X, et al.Analysis of heavy metal elements content in feed and feed additives in Guangxi from 2020 to 2022[J]. South China Agriculture, 2024, 18(10): 67-69. [22] 袁美, 王艳, 杨靖伊, 等. 安徽凤阳地区部分饲料重金属含量调查与分析[J]. 当代畜禽养殖业, 2022(6): 40-42. YUAN M, WANG Y, YANG J Y, et al. Investigation and analysis of heavy metal contents in some feed in Fengyang, Anhui province[J].Modern Animal Husbandry, 2022(6): 40-42. [23] TAO C, WEI X T, ZHANG B Y, et al. Heavy metal content in feedstuffs and feeds in hubei province, China[J]. Journal of Food Protection, 2020, 83(5): 762-766. [24] 穆蕊, 刘波, 陈雅湘, 等. 三价铬对畜禽繁殖性能的影响及其作用机制[J]. 中国饲料, 2020(3): 41-45. MU R, LIU B, CHEN Y X, et al.Effect of trivalent chromium on reproductive performance of animals and its mechanism[J]. China Feed, 2020(3): 41-45. [25] 王京,刘骐玮,梁海军,等.2022-2023年我国饲料产品与饲料原料镉和铬调查分析[J]. 中国饲料, 2024(23): 397-406. WANG J, LIU Q W, LIANG H J, et al.Investigation of cadmium and chromium in feed products and feed materials in China from 2022 to 2023[J].China Feed, 2024(23): 397-406. [26] 唐煌尧, 张伟, 魏浩, 等. 铬的生物学功能及其在动物生产中的应用研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2026, 53(5): 2397-2408. TANG H Y, ZHANG W, WEI H, et al.Research progress on biological functions of chromium and its application in animal production[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2026, 53(5): 2397-2408. [27] 陈甫, 朱风华, 徐丹, 等. 2015年山东省肉鸡饲料原料中重金属污染情况调查及风险评估[J]. 动物营养学报, 2016, 28(10): 3175-3182. CHEN F, ZHU F H, XU D, et al.Investigation and risk assessment of heavy metal pollution of feedstuffs in broiler chickens in Shandong province in 2015[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2016, 28(10): 3175-3182. [28] 柏雪, 原泽鸿, 王建萍, 等. 四川省常用能量饲料和蛋白质饲料中重金属分布研究[J]. 动物营养学报, 2016, 28(9): 2847-2860. BAI X, YUAN Z H, WANG J P, et al. Investigation on heavy metal distribution in energy feedstuffs and protein feedstuffs of Sichuan province[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2016, 28(9): 2847-2860. [29] LI H L, CHENG Y H, LIU Y H, et al.Trace element accumulation from swine feeds to feces in Chinese swine farms: implication for element limits[J]. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 2022, 18(4): 978-984. [30] 黄奇奇, 李丹, 万志强, 等. 2023年江西省大宗饲料原料重金属污染情况调查分析[J]. 中国饲料, 2024(23): 407-414. HUANG Q Q, LI D, WAN Z Q, et al.Investigation and analysis of heavy metal pollution of bulk feed raw materials in Jiangxi Province in 2023[J]. China Feed, 2024(23): 407-414.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed