湖南5个地方猪品种线粒体全基因组序列特征与系统发育分析

doi:10.16174/j.issn.1673-4645.2026.05.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为解析湖南地方猪母系遗传分化格局，本研究从NCBIGenBank获取5个湖南地方猪种及梅山猪、荣昌猪、野猪和外类群共11条线粒体全基因组序列，采用MEGA12.0分析碱基组成，基于K2P模型计算遗传距离，采用邻接法（Neighbor‑Joining,NJ）构建系统发育树。基于单样本分析的结果表明：⑴湖南5个地方猪种与荣昌猪、梅山猪之间的K2P遗传距离为0.0003～0.0014，远低于其与野猪（0.0113～0.0224）及外类群间的分化水平（0.0979～0.1113）；⑵沙子岭猪处于7个家猪品种所形成单系分支的基部，是湖南5个地方猪种中母系分化较早的类群，遗传独特性较高；大围子猪与湖南其他猪种及梅山猪亲缘关系中等，形成独立亚支；宁乡猪、黔邵花猪与湘西黑猪亲缘关系密切，共同构成核心遗传簇；⑶湖南地方猪种间的亲缘关系与其地理分布并不完全对应，提示地方猪品种形成过程中可能存在引种、基因交流等人为干预因素，并非单纯由地理隔离分化造成。上述结果揭示了湖南5个主要地方猪种的母系遗传分化格局，可为地方猪种质资源保种与利用提供母系遗传的分子参考依据。

关键词: 地方猪, 线粒体, 全基因组, 系统发育, 遗传距离, 母系起源

Abstract: To elucidate the maternal genetic differentiation pattern of indigenous pig breeds in Hunan, this study retrieved 11 complete mitochondrial genome sequences from the NCBI GenBank database, including five Hunan indigenous pig breeds, Rongchang pig, Meishan pig, wild boar and outgroup taxa. Composition was analyzed using MEGA 12.0, genetic distances were calculated based on the Kimura 2‑parameter (K2P) model, and a phylogenetic tree was reconstructed using the Neighbor‑Joining (NJ) method. Analyses based on the single‑sample dataset revealed the following findings: ⑴The K2P genetic distances between the five Hunan indigenous pig breeds and Rongchang pig, Meishan pig ranged from 0.000 3 to 0.001 4, markedly lower than the divergence levels between these breeds and wild boar (0.011 3～0.022 4) and outgroup taxa (0.097 9～0.111 3). ⑵Shaziling pig occupied a basal position within the monophyletic clade formed by all seven domestic pig breeds, representing an early‑differentiated maternal lineage among the five Hunan breeds with relatively high genetic distinctiveness. Daweizi pig showed moderate genetic relatedness to the other Hunan pig breeds and Meishan pig, forming an independent sub‑clade. Ningxiang pig, Qianshao spotted pig and Xiangxi black pig were closely related and jointly formed the core genetic cluster. ⑶Genetic relationships among Hunan indigenous pig breeds were not fully consistent with their geographical distribution, suggesting that anthropogenic factors such as breed introduction and gene flow may have been involved in the formation of indigenous pig breeds, rather than being merely shaped by geographical isolation‑mediated divergence. Collectively, these results revealed the maternal genetic differentiation pattern of the five major indigenous pig breeds in Hunan, provided maternal-lineage genetic information for the conservation and utilization of indigenous pig germplasm resources.

Key words: indigenous pig, mitochondrial, whole genome, phylogeny, genetic distance, maternal origin

中图分类号: S828

武群清, 张跃博, 唐湘薇. 湖南5个地方猪品种线粒体全基因组序列特征与系统发育分析[J]. 中国猪业, 2026, 21(5): 33-40.

WU Qunqing, ZHANG Yuebo, TANG Xiangwei. Sequence characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the complete mitochondrial genomes of five indigenous pig breeds in Hunan province[J]. China Swine Industry, 2026, 21(5): 33-40.

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