发酵棕榈粕替代部分豆粕对育肥猪生长性能、血清指标及屠宰性能的影响

doi:10.16174/j.issn.1673-4645.2026.05.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究饲粮中添加不同比例发酵棕榈粕对育肥猪生长性能、血清指标及屠宰性能的影响，为发酵棕榈粕在育肥猪上的应用提供参考。试验选取育肥猪96头，随机分成4组，每组6个重复，每个重复4头猪。对照组育肥猪饲喂基础饲粮，试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ分别在基础饲粮中添加5%、10%和15%的发酵棕榈粕，并相应调整玉米和豆粕用量，使各组消化能和粗蛋白质水平基本一致，试验周期为8周。结果表明：与对照组相比，添加5%、10%和15%发酵棕榈粕（FPKC）组育肥猪末重分别提高4.74%、6.40%和3.80%，平均日采食量分别提高6.97%、12.89%和5.23%，平均日增重分别提高12.94%、16.47%和8.24%（P＜0.05），以10%FPKC组生长性能最佳；料重比组间差异不显著（P＞0.05）。血清总蛋白分别提高4.90%、6.17%和9.60%（P＜0.05），葡萄糖、总胆固醇和尿素氮差异不显著（P＞0.05）。SOD、GSH-Px和T-AOC分别提高7.58%～17.98%、15.35%～33.67%和1.94%～9.68%，MDA降低11.06%～35.18%（P＜0.05）；IgA和IgG显著升高（P＜0.05），IgM和TNF-α差异不显著（P＞0.05）。器官指数、屠宰率、背膘厚和瘦肉率组间均无显著差异（P＞0.05），但胴体重显著提高（P＜0.05）。育肥猪饲粮中添加发酵棕榈粕有利于改善猪的生长性能、组织抗氧化活性、机体免疫功能等，综合试验数据，推荐基础饲粮中使用10%发酵棕榈粕。

关键词: 育肥猪, 发酵棕榈粕, 生长性能, 血清指标, 抗氧化指标, 屠宰性能

Abstract: This study investigated the effects of dietary replacement of soybean meal with different proportions of fermented palm kernel cake (FPKC) on growth performance, serum parameters, and slaughter performance of finishing pigs, thereby providing a reference for the application of FPKC in finishing pig diets. Ninety-six finishing pigs were randomly assigned to four groups, with six replicates per group and four pigs per replicate. Pigs in the control group received a basal diet, whereas those in treatment groupsⅠ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ received experimental diets supplemented with 5%, 10%, and 15% FPKC, respectively, with corn and soybean meal proportions adjusted to maintain comparable digestible energy and crude protein levels. The feeding trial lasted for 8 weeks. Compared with the control group, pigs ' final body weight increased by 4.74%, 6.40%, and 3.80%; ADFI increased by 6.97%, 12.89%, and 5.23%; and ADG increased by 12.94%, 16.47%, and 8.24% in the 5%, 10%, and 15% FPKC groups, respectively (P＜0.05), with the 10% FPKC group showing the best growth performance. The feed-to-gain ratio did not differ among groups (P＞0.05). Serum total protein increased by 4.90%, 6.17%, and 9.60%, respectively (P＜0.05), whereas glucose, total cholesterol, and urea nitrogen did not differ significantly (P＞0.05). SOD, GSH-Px, and T-AOC increased by 7.58%～17.98%, 15.35%～33.67%, and 1.94%～9.68%, respectively, while MDA decreased by 11.06%～35.18% (P＜0.05). IgA and IgG were significantly increased (P＜0.05), whereas IgM and TNF-α did not differ significantly (P＞0.05). Organ indices, dressing percentage, backfat thickness, and lean meat percentage showed no significant differences among groups (P＞0.05), whereas the carcass weight was significantly increased (P＜0.05). Dietary inclusion of FPKC improved growth performance, antioxidant activity, and immune function in finishing pigs. Based on the overall experimental data of this study, it was recommended that 10% FPKC be included in the basal diet.

Key words: finishing pigs, fermented palm kernel cake, growth performance, serum biochemical indices, antioxidant parameters, slaughter performance

中图分类号: S828；S816.4

李筱雯, 胡修忠, 黄俊程, 刘爽, 李钢平, 徐瑞瑞. 发酵棕榈粕替代部分豆粕对育肥猪生长性能、血清指标及屠宰性能的影响[J]. 中国猪业, 2026, 21(5): 70-79.

LI Xiaowen, HU Xiuzhong, HUANG Juncheng, LIU Shuang, LI Gangping, XU Ruirui. Effects of partial replacement of soybean meal with fermented palm kernel cake on growth performance, serum parameters, and slaughter performance of finishing pigs[J]. China Swine Industry, 2026, 21(5): 70-79.

参考文献

[1] 徐智鹏, 周迪, 陈敬帮, 等. 甘露聚糖酶在发酵棕榈粕中的应用及仿生消化研究[J]. 中国饲料, 2023(5): 168-171. XU Z P, ZHOU D, CHEN J B, et al. Application of mannanase in fermented palm meal and study on biomimetic digestion[J]. China Feed, 2023(5): 168-171. [2] 者园园. 高效降解棕榈粕-β-甘露聚糖酶的开发与应用[D]. 昆明: 云南师范大学, 2022. ZHE Y Y. Development and application of β-mannase forefficient degradation of palm kernel cake[D]. Kunming: Yunnan Normal University, 2022. [3] 黄明媛, 倪冬姣, 邹新华, 等. 一种用于棕榈粕的生物发酵剂及其制备方法与应用: CN113317390B[P]. 2022-02-18. HUANG M Y, NI D J, ZHOU X H, et al. A biological fermentation agent for palm kernel cake and its preparation method and application: CN202110562241.5[P]. 2022-02-18. [4] 王铁军, 乔雅琪, 胡小敏. 发酵杂粕替代豆粕对育肥猪生长性能、器官指数及屠宰性能的影响[J]. 中国饲料, 2023(24): 110-113. WANG T J, QIAO Y Q, HU X M. Effects of fermented mixed meal replacing soybean meal on growth performance, organ index, and slaughtering performance of fattening pigs[J]. China Feed, 2023(24): 110-113. [5] 彭海龙, 田雯, 江书忠, 等. 不同比例棕榈粕对生长猪生长性能的影响[J]. 湖南饲料, 2020(1): 31-33. PENG H L, TIAN W, JIANG S Z, et al. Effects of different proportions of palm kernel cake on growth performance of growing pigs[J]. Hunan Feed, 2020(1): 31-33. [6] 梁煜翔, 孙耀威, 李凯, 等. 棕榈粕饲粮对生长猪生长性能、养分表观消化率和抗氧化功能的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2025, 37(3): 1632-1644. LIANG Y X, SUN Y W, LI K, et al. Effects of palm kernel cake diet on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility and antioxidant function in growing pigs[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2025, 37(3): 1632-1644. [7] WANG T X, LI S M, NING J X, et al. Effects of different processing techniques of palm kernel cake on processing quality of pellet feed, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal microbiota of pigs[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 2023, 101: skad217. [8] 杨阳. 混菌发酵改善棕榈粕品质的研究[D]. 淮安: 淮安大学, 2023. YANG Y. Research on fermentation of mixed probiotics to improve feed quality of palm meal[D]. Huai’an: Huai'an University, 2023. [9] 王卫卫. 菌酶协同处理棕榈仁粕及其对肉鸡生长影响机理研究[D]．北京: 中国农业科学院, 2021. WANG W W. Study on palm kernel cake fermented with bacteria and enzyme and its mechanism on improving growth performance of broilers[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2021. [10] LU K, LEE M H, PATEL S B. Dietary cholesterol absorption; more than just bile[J]. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2001, 12(7): 314-320. [11] STELLAARD F. From dietary cholesterol to blood cholesterol, physiological lipid fluxes, and cholesterol homeostasis[J]. Nutrients, 2022, 14(8): 1643. [12] HU Y, WANG Y, LI A, et al. Effects of fermented rapeseed meal on antioxidant functions, serum biochemical parameters and intestinal morphology in broilers[J]. Food & Agricultural Immunology, 2016, 27(2): 182-193. [13] ZHANG W J, XU Z R, ZHAO S H, et al. Development of a microbial fermentation process for detoxification of gossypol in cottonseed meal[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2007, 135(1/2): 176-186. [14] 吴东, 徐鑫, 杨家军, 等. 发酵菜籽粕替代豆粕对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2015, 42(10): 2676-2680. WU D, XU X, YANG J J, et al. Effect of soybean meal replaced by fermented rapeseed meal on growth performance, meat quality and serum biochemical indexes of broilers[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2015, 42(10): 2676-2680. [15] LEI X G, ZHU J H, CHENG W H, et al. Paradoxical roles of antioxidant enzymes: basic mechanisms and health implications[J]. Physiological Reviews, 2016, 96(1): 307-364. [16] 徐智鹏, 周迪, 董毅, 等. 发酵棕榈粕对白羽肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化及免疫的影响[J]. 中国饲料, 2023(13): 167-171. XU Z P, ZHOU D, DONG Y, et al. Effects of fermented palm meal on growth performance, antioxidant and immunity of white feathered broilers[J]. China Feed, 2023(13): 167-171. [17] 孙佩佩. 发酵菜籽粕的营养价值评定及其在生长育肥猪上的应用研究[D]. 重庆: 西南大学, 2019. SUN P P. Evaluation of nutritional value of fermented rapeseed meal and its application in growing and finishing pigs[D]. Chongqing: Southwest University, 2019. [18] 李延翠, 黄立军, 高燕程, 等. 浒苔多糖对育肥滩羊生长性能、血清生化指标、肉品质及肌肉中氨基酸含量的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2023, 35(12): 7920-7930. LI Y C, HUANG L J, GAO Y C, et al. Effects of Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharide on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, meat quality and muscle amino acid contents of fattening Tan sheep[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2023, 35(12): 7920-7930. [19] 周力, 侯生珍, 王志有, 等. 棕榈粕替代部分玉米对藏羊母羊小肠形态发育、消化酶活性及抗氧化功能的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2023, 32(3): 118-127. ZHOU L, HOU S Z, WANG Z Y, et al. Changes in small intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme activity and antioxidant enzyme activities of female Tibetan sheep after substituting the maize component of a concentrate diet with palm meal[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(3): 118-127. [20] 余东游, 毛翔飞, 秦艳, 等. 枯草芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长性能及其抗氧化和免疫功能的影响[J]. 中国畜牧杂志, 2010, 46(3): 22-25. YU D Y, MAO X F, QIN Y, et al. Effects of B. subtilis on growth performance, antioxidant and immunity of broilers[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2010, 46(3): 22-25. [21] 邓卉, 屈东, 邹成义, 等. 发酵菜籽粕对生长猪生长性能、机体抗氧化及免疫功能的影响[J]. 西南农业学报, 2017, 30(7): 1662-1666. DENG H, QU D, ZOU C Y, et al. Effects of fermented rapeseed meal on performance, antioxidant and immunology function of growing pigs[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 30(7): 1662-1666. [22] 许贵善, 刁其玉, 纪守坤, 等. 不同饲喂水平对肉用绵羊生长性能、屠宰性能及器官指数的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2012, 24(5): 953-960. XU G S, DIAO Q Y, JI S K, et al. Effects of different feeding levels on growth performance, slaughter performance and organ indexes of mutton sheep[J]. Acta Zoonutrimenta Sinica, 2012, 24(5): 953-960. [23] 胡永娜, 王之盛, 李爱科. 固态发酵菜籽粕对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫功能及消化酶活性的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2012, 24(7): 1293-1301. HU Y N, WANG Z S, LI A K. Effects of solid-state fermented rapeseed meal on growth performance, immune function and digestive enzyme activity of broilers[J]. Acta Zoonutrimenta Sinica, 2012, 24(7): 1293-1301. [24] 屈国敏, 喻礼怀, 毛俊舟, 等. 发酵豆粕对育肥猪生长性能、器官指数、肉品质及血液生化指标的影响[J]. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2018(24): 143-146. QU G M, YU L H, MAO J Z, et al. Effects of fermented soybean meal on growth performance, organ index, meat quality and blood biochemical indexes of finishing pigs[J]. Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2018(24): 143-146. [25] 何正兴, 单昊书, 凌方正, 等. 微生物发酵蛋白饲料对肥育猪生产性能、猪肉品质及经济效益的试验分析[J]. 农业装备技术, 2010, 36(3): 63-64. HE Z X, SHAN H S, LING F Z, et al. Experimental analysis of microbial fermented protein feed on production performance, pork quality and economic benefit of finishing pigs[J]. Agricultural Equipment & Technology, 2010, 36(3): 63-64. [26] 叶丙奎, 李青旺, 谢伟华, 等. 混菌固态发酵饲料对生长育肥猪生产性能的影响[J]. 西北农业学报, 2009, 18(5): 22-26. YE B K, LI Q W, XIE W H, et al. Effect of solid state fermentation feed by various bacterium on the performances of growing-finishing pig[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica, 2009, 18(5): 22-26.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed