复合饲料添加剂对沙子岭猪肥育性能、胴体性能及肌肉品质的影响

doi:10.16174/j.issn.1673-4645.2025.01.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本试验旨在研究复合饲料添加剂对沙子岭猪育肥性能、胴体性能及肌肉品质的影响，试验选择体重21.93±2.69kg的沙子岭阉公猪 40 头，按随机区组法分为2组（对照组和试验组），每组20头。试验全期134d，试验期间，对照组饲喂基础日粮，试验组在基础日粮中添加千分之一的复合饲料添加剂。试验结束后，每组选择75 k左右的沙子岭猪6头进行屠宰，并测定胴体和肉品质指标。结果表明：⑴肥育性能，与对照组相比，试验组猪的终重、后期日增重和全期日增重显著提高（P＜0.05）。⑵胴体性能，对照组与试验组无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。⑶肌肉品质，与对照组相比，试验组猪的熟肉率显著降低（P＜0.05），其他指标在组间无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。综上所述，在沙子岭育肥猪日粮中添加1 000 mg/kg的复合饲料添加剂，能显著提高沙子岭育肥猪的肥育性能，但不能明显提高胴体性能和改善肌肉品质。后期应再进行复合饲料添加剂不同添加量对猪的胴体性能和肌肉品质方面的研究，以期为复合饲料添加剂的最佳使用量提供参考。

关键词: 饲料添加剂, 沙子岭猪, 植物甾醇, 甜菜碱, 肥育性能, 胴体性能, 肌肉品质

中图分类号: S828；S816

李玉莲, 范觉鑫, 谭红, 李朝晖, 吴攀峰, 李茜茜, 王洁, 刘冬明, 吴买生. 复合饲料添加剂对沙子岭猪肥育性能、胴体性能及肌肉品质的影响[J]. 中国猪业, 2025, 20(1): 26-34.

参考文献

[1] 吴买生, 谭红, 李玉莲, 等. 沙子岭猪遗传资源持续保种40年[J]. 猪业科学, 2024, 41(6): 118-121. WU MS, TAN H, LI YL, et al. Shaziling pig genetic resources have been conserved for 40 years[J]. Swine Industry Science, 2024, 41(6):118-121. [2] 章勇. 为地方猪资源保护与开发寻找突破口[N]. 中国畜牧兽医报, 2024-06-09(001). ZHANG Y. Finding a breakthrough for the protection and development of local pig resources [N].Chinese Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024-06-09(001). [3] 王秀芬, 刘芳, 何忠伟. 中国地方猪种保护利用价值及策略研究[J]. 农业展望, 2024, 20(7): 68-73. WANG XF, LIU F, HE ZW. Value and strategy of conservation and utilization of local pig breeds in China[J]. Agricultural Outlook, 2024, 20(7):68-73. [4] SHIN MJ, LEE JH, JANG Y, et al. Micellarphytosterols effectively reduce cholesterol absorption at lowdoses[J]. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2005, 49(5):346-351. [5] COLEMAN CI, HEBERT JH, REDDY P, et al. The effect of phytosterols on quality of life in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia[J]. Pharmacother, 2002, 22(11):1426-1432. [6] JIA X, EBINE N, WANG Y, et al. Effects of different phytosterol analogs on colonic mucosal cell proliferation in hamsters[J]. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2006, 17(6):396-401. [7] MORA-RANJEVA MP, ChARVERON M, FABRE B, et al. Incorporation of phytosterols in human keratinocytesconsequences on UVA-induced lipid peroxidation andcalcium ionophore-induced prostaglandin release[J]. Chemistry & Physics of Lipids, 2006, 141(1-2):216-224. [8] NIEMINEN P, MUSTONEN AM, LINDSTROM-SEPPA P, et al. Phytosterols act as endocrine and metabolic disruptorsin the European polecat (mustela putorius)[J]. ToxicolAppl Pharmacol, 2002, 178(1):22-28. [9] ZOU TD,DENG CX,WANG ZR,et al. Dietary alanylglutamine improves growth performance of weaned piglets through maintaining intestinal morphology and digestionabsorption function[J]. Animal: an International Journal of Animal Bioscience, 2019, 13(9):1826-1833. [10] YU H, DING X, SHANG L, et al. Protective ability of biogenic antimicrobial peptide microcin J25 against enterotoxigenic escherichia coli-induced intestinal epithelial dysfunction and inflammatory responses IPEC-J2 cells[J]. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2018, 8:242. [11] 祝倩, 胡汉宇, 孔祥峰. 甜菜碱对猪的“母子一体化”营养调控研究进展[J]. 中国猪业, 2024, 19(5):3-10. ZHU Q, HU HY, KONG XF. Research progress on the nutritional regulation of betaine on sow and piglet integration[J]. China Swine Industry, 2024. 19(5):3-10. [12] YU DY, XU ZR, LI WF. Effects of betaine on growth performance and carcass characteristics in growing pigs[J]. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2004, 17(12):1700-1704. [13] PARK BS, PARK SO. Effects of feeding time with betaine diet on growth performance, blood markers, and short chain fatty acids in meat ducks exposed to heat stress[J]. Livestock Science, 2017, 199:31-36. [14] 中华人民共和国农业部. 瘦肉型猪胴体性状测定技术规范: NY/T 825-2004[S]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2004. Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China. Technical regulation for testing of carcass traits in lean-type pig: NY/T 825-2004[S]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 2004. [15] 中华人民共和国农业农村部. 猪肉品质测定技术规程: NY/T 821-2019[S]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2019. Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China. Technical regulations for determination of pork quality: NY/T 821-2019[S]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 2019. [16] 中华人民共和国农业部. 肉嫩度的测定剪切力测定法: NY/T 1180-2006[S]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2006. Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China. Determination of meat tenderness shear force method: NY/T 1180-2006[S]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2006. [17] 李颜, 姜敏杰, 梁强, 等. 菜籽油植物甾醇生理功能及影响因素[J]. 四川农业科技, 2023(7): 90-93. LI Y, JIANG MJ, LIANG Q, et al. Physiological function and influencing factors of phytosterol in rapeseed oil[J]. Sichuan Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023(7):90-93. [18] 胡毓元. 亲水性β-谷甾醇糖基衍生物的酶法制备及其降胆固醇特性研究[D]. 郑州: 河南工业大学, 2023. HU YY. Enzymatic preparation of hydrophilic β -sitosterol glycosyl derivatives and their cholesterol-lowering properties[D]. Zhengzhou: Henan University of Technology, 2023. [19] 王小康, 陈文, 张太军, 等. 植物甾醇(酯)的研究与应用前景[J]. 日用化学工业(中英文), 2023, 53(4):445-452. WANG XK, CHEN W, ZHANG TJ, et al. Research and application prospect of phytosterols(esters)[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2023, 53(4):445-452. [20] 刘雅谦, 李琳, 孙万成, 等. 植物甾醇的抗炎性研究进展[J]. 中国油脂, 2022, 47(5):93-99. LIU YQ, LI L, SUN WC, et al. Progress on anti-inflammatory properties of phytosterols[J]. China Oils and Fats, 2022, 47(5):93-99. [21] 马朝, 李洁, 余成龙, 等. 复方中草药饲料添加剂对断奶仔猪生产性能、肠道功能及肠道微生物菌群的影响[J]. 养猪, 2023(1):12-22. MA Z, LI J, YU CL, et al. The effects of compound Chinese herbal feed additives on the production performance, intestinal function, and gut microbiota of weaned piglets[J]. Swine Production, 2023(1):12-22. [22] 何昭友. 植物甾醇对肥育猪生长性能、血清指标及猪肉品质的影响研究[D]. 南宁: 广西大学, 2012. HE ZY. Effects of phytosterols on growth performance, serum indexes and pork quality of finishing pigs[D]. Nanning: Guangxi University, 2012. [23] 周萌, 闫涛, 冯志芬. 日粮中添加植物甾醇对育肥猪生长性能、屠宰性能及养殖经济效益的影响[J]. 饲料研究, 2022, 45(18):24-28. ZHOU M, YAN T, FENG ZF. Effect of dietary phytosterols on growth performance, slaughter performance and breeding economic benefits of finishing pigs[J]. Feed Research, 2022, 45(18):24-28. [24] 彭俊平, 舒鑫标, 施杏芬, 等. 饲粮中添加植物甾醇、枯草芽孢杆菌及复合酶制剂对育肥猪生长性能和肉品质的影响[J]. 中国饲料, 2018(15): 62-64. PENG JP, SHU XB, SHI XF, et al. Effects of dietary supplementation of phytosterols, Bacillus subtilis and compound enzyme on growth performance and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs[J]. China Feed, 2018(15):62-64. [25] 雷霆. 植物甾醇对育肥猪生长性能、肉品质和血清生化指标的影响[D]. 长沙: 湖南农业大学, 2022. LEI T. Effects of phytosterol on growth performance, meat quality and serum biochemical indexes of finishing pigs[D]. Changsha: Hunan Agricultural University, 2022. [26] 徐来玲. 日粮中酯化植物甾醇对育肥猪生长性能的影响[J]. 国外畜牧学(猪与禽), 2023, 43(6): 28-31. XU LL. Effect of esterified phytosterol in diet on growth performance of finishing pigs[J]. Animal Science Abroad (Pigs and Poultry), 2023, 43(6):28-31. [27] 许栋, 李景军, 林丽秀, 等. 植物甾醇对猪生产性能、免疫指标及不同组织Wnt1基因表达的影响[J]. 饲料研究, 2021, 44(17): 14-17. XU D, LI JJ, LIN LX, et al. Effects of phytosterol on performance, immune indexes and Wnt1 gene expression in different tissues of pigs[J]. Feed Research, 2021, 44(17):14-17. [28] FU RQ, ZHANG HZ, CHEN DW, et al. Long-term dietary supplementation with betaine improves growth performance, meat quality and intramuscular fat deposition in growing-finishing pigs[J]. Foods, 2023, 12(3):494. [29] CHEN R, WEN C, CHEN YP, et al. PSIX-22 Effects of betaine supplementation on growth performance, muscle amino acid contents, meat quality and antioxidant capacity in finishing pigs[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 2019, 97(Supplement_3):349-350. [30] 陈雨诗, 刘禹熙, 杨童寓丹, 等. 饲粮中添加甜菜碱和表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯对育肥猪生长性能、肉品质、血清生化和抗氧化指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2024, 36(3):1525-1536. CHEN YS, LIU YX, YANG TYD, et al. Effects of dietary betaine and epigallocatechin gallate on growth performance, meat quality, serum biochemical and antioxidant indices of finishing pigs[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2024, 36(3):1525-1536. [31] 胡成, 史浩, 陈嘉敏. 甜菜碱对猪生产性能影响的研究进展[J]. 养猪, 2022(1):19-20. HU C, SHI H, CHEN JM. Research progress on the effect of betaine on pig production performance[J]. Swine Production, 2022(1):19-20. [32] 杜海涛. 日粮中添加甜菜碱对育肥猪生长性能、胴体品质和血清生化指标的影响[J]. 中国猪业, 2023, 18(4): 66-71. DU HT. Effects of dietary betaine supplementation on growth performance, ketone body quality and serum biochemical indices of large body weight finishing pigs[J]. China Swine Industry, 2023, 18(4):66-71. [33] 仲银召. 日粮补充甘氨酸与甜菜碱对环江香猪生长性能、胴体性状、肉品质及脂质代谢的影响[D]. 广州: 华南农业大学, 2020. ZHONG YZ. Effects of dietary glycine and betaine supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and lipid metabolism of Huanjiang Xiang pig[D]. Guangzhou: South China Agricultural University, 2020. [34] 宋明彤. 饲粮添加甜菜碱对巴马香猪生长性能、肉品质及肠道微生态的影响[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2020. SONG MT. Effects of dietary betaine supplementation on growth performance, meat quality and intestinal microecology of Bama Xiang pigs[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2020. [35] 王宗伟, 庄佳荣, 李洪涛, 等. 支链氨基酸的生物学作用机制及在猪和鸡生产中的应用[J]. 动物营养学报, 2023, 35(7): 4108-4118. WANG ZW, ZHUANG JR, LI HT, et al. Biological mechanism of branched-chain amino acids and their application in pig and poultry production[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2023, 35(7):4108-4118. [36] 李轶伟. 饲料添加复合支链氨基酸对生猪生长性能和肉质品质的影响[J]. 特种经济动植物, 2024, 27(1):21-22,25. LI YW. The effect of adding compound branched chain amino acids to feed on the growth performance and meat quality of pigs[J].Special Economic Animals and Plants, 2024, 27(1):21-22,25. [37] 张露露. 低蛋白质饲粮对育肥猪消化率和生长性能的影响[J]. 养猪, 2024(6):15-18. ZHANG LL. The effect of low protein feed on digestibility and growth performance of fattening pigs [J].Swine Production, 2024(6):15-18. [38] 岳玉秀, 岳玉妍. 不同支链氨基酸水平对育肥猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响[J]. 中国饲料, 2023(16): 45-48. YUE YX, YUE YY. Effects of different balanced amino acid levels on growth performance and serum biochemical indexes of finishing pigs[J]. China Feed, 2023(16):45-48.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed