基因组编辑技术加速猪育种进程

doi:10.16174/j.issn.1673-4645.2024.02.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 依赖于核酸酶的基因组编辑技术能够在基因组水平对DNA 序列进行改造，包括特定DNA 片段的插入、敲除、替换以及点突变等遗传修饰。2012 年发展起来的CRISPR/Cas9 基因编辑技术，具有效率高、通量高、安全性高、操作方便、简单易实现等特点，得到了广泛的关注和应用。基于CRISPR/Cas9 系统开发的碱基编辑系统（Base Editor, BE）和引导编辑系统（Prime Editor, PE）可以在不需要DNA 模板的情况下对基因进行精准的碱基突变。目前，CRISPR/Cas9 及其衍生的基因组编辑技术在猪生产性状的改良和抗病育种新材料的创制方面已经取得了良好进展，并展示出了巨大的发展潜力和应用前景。本文重点介绍了CRISPR/Cas9、碱基编辑、引导编辑技术及其在猪育种中的研究进展，并展望了猪基因组编辑育种面临的机遇与挑战。

关键词: 猪, 基因组编辑, CRISPR/Cas9, 生产性能, 育种

中图分类号: S828；S813.3

王佳昊, 王月, 吴添文, 王彦芳. 基因组编辑技术加速猪育种进程[J]. 中国猪业, 2024, 19(2): 35-42.

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