饲粮中添加发酵桑叶对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻及肠道微生态的影响

doi:10.16174/j.issn.1673-4645.2026.04.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文旨在系统评估饲粮中添加不同水平发酵桑叶对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻状况及肠道微生态的影响，为发酵桑叶在仔猪生产中的科学应用提供理论依据。采用单因子试验设计，选取200头体重（8.52±0.63 kg）、日龄（28 d）一致的健康DLY断奶仔猪，随机分为5组，每组4个重复，每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组分别饲喂添加5%、10%、15%和20%发酵桑叶的饲粮（发酵桑叶经乳酸菌和纤维素酶协同发酵60 d制备），试验期28 d。结果显示，整个试验期（28～56 d），各试验组仔猪平均日采食量、平均日增重及料重比与对照组均无显著差异（P＞0.05）；在42～56日龄期间，20%发酵桑叶添加组仔猪的平均日增重增加了14.78%，与对照组相比差异不显著（P＞0.05）。在28～42d阶段，各试验组仔猪腹泻率均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05），其中15%添加组腹泻率最低（0.29%），较对照组（0.61%）降低52.46%；全期（28～56d）统计显示，15%添加组腹泻率仍显著低于对照组41.86%（P＜0.05）；各试验组十二指肠食糜pH值均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05），空肠、回肠、盲肠及结肠pH值亦有降低趋势；10%、15%和20%添加组乙酸和丙酸含量均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05），其中15%添加组乙酸含量最高（34.38 mmol/L），较对照组（24.61 mmol/L）提高47.05%；发酵桑叶添加对空肠和盲肠内容物中大肠杆菌、乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量均无显著影响（P＞0.05），但各添加组乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量普遍高于对照组。在本试验条件下，饲粮中添加5%～20%发酵桑叶虽未显著改善断奶仔猪生长性能，但可显著降低腹泻率，并通过降低肠道前端pH值、增加盲肠有益SCFAs（乙酸、丙酸）产量等方式优化肠道微生态环境。综合来看，15%添加水平在改善腹泻和促进肠道健康方面效果相对更佳。

关键词: 发酵桑叶, 断奶仔猪, 生长性能, 腹泻, 肠道微生态

Abstract: This study employed a single-factor experimental design to systematically evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with varying levels of fermented mulberry leaves on growth performance, diarrhoea incidence, and intestinal microecology in weaned piglets. The objective was to provide a theoretical foundation for the scientific application of fermented mulberry leaves in piglet production. A total of 200 healthy DLY weaned piglets with similar initial body weight (8.52±0.63 kg) and age (28 days) were randomly allocated into five groups, each consisting of four replicates with 10 piglets per replicate. The control group received a basal diet, while the experimental groups were fed diets supplemented with 5%, 10%, 15%, or 20% fermented mulberry leaves, which had been prepared through co-fermentation with lactic acid bacteria and cellulase for 60 days. The experiment lasted for 28 days. Parameters measured included growth performance, diarrhoea rate, intestinal chyme pH, caecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations, and the populations of major bacteria in the jejunum and caecum. Over the entire experimental period (from 28 to 56 days of age), no significant differences were observed in average daily feed intake, average daily gain, or feed-to-gain ratio between the experimental groups and the control group (P＞0.05). However, during the period from 42 to 56 days of age, the 20% supplementation group exhibited a 14.78% increase in average daily gain compared with the control group, although this difference was not statistically significant (P＞0.05). Between 28 and 42 days of age, diarrhoea rates in all experimental groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05), with the 15% supplementation group showing the lowest rate (0.29% ), representing a 52.46% reduction relative to the control group (0.61% ). Over the full experimental period, the diarrhoea rate in the 15% supplementation group remained significantly lower—by 41.86%—than that of the control group (P＜0.05). Duodenal chyme pH values were significantly lower in all experimental groups compared with the control group (P＜0.05), and pH values in the jejunum, ileum, caecum, and colon followed a decreasing trend. Concentrations of acetic acid and propionic acid in the 10%, 15% , and 20% supplementation groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05). The 15% supplementation group recorded the highest acetic acid level (34.38 mmol/L), which was 47.05% greater than that of the control group (24.61 mmol/L). Supplementation with fermented mulberry leaves had no significant effect on the counts of Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus, or Bifidobacterium in the jejunal and caecal contents (P＞0.05). Nonetheless, the populations of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in all experimental groups were generally higher than those in the control group. Under the conditions of this experiment, dietary inclusion of 5%～20% fermented mulberry leaves did not significantly enhance growth performance in weaned piglets but did markedly reduce diarrhoea incidence. Furthermore, it optimised the intestinal microecological environment by lowering pH in the proximal intestine and increasing the production of beneficial SCFAs(acetic acid and propionic acid) in the caecum. Overall, supplementation at the 15% level appeared most effective in alleviating diarrhoea and promoting intestinal health.

Key words: fermented mulberry leaves, weaned piglets, growth performance, diarrhea, intestinal microecology

中图分类号: S828；S816

万荣, 农斯伟, 邹智淼, 黄威, 万昌乾, 甘启富, 杨明, 王赟, 黄剑, 陈江淮. 饲粮中添加发酵桑叶对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻及肠道微生态的影响[J]. 中国猪业, 2026, 21(4): 112-121.

WAN Rong, NONG Siwei, ZOU Zhimiao, HUANG Wei, WAN Changqian, GAN Qifu, YANG Ming, WANG Yun, HUANG Jian, CHEN Jianghuai. Effects of fermented mulberry leaves on growth performance, diarrhea, and intestinal microecology in weaned piglets[J]. China Swine Industry, 2026, 21(4): 112-121.

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