人工乳在哺乳仔猪生产中的应用研究进展

doi:10.16174/j.issn.1673-4645.2026.05.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着现代养猪业母猪繁殖性能的不断提高，母乳供给相对不足，已成为制约哺乳仔猪生长发育和存活的重要因素。人工乳作为母乳的补充或替代食物，主要用于仔猪早期断奶和哺乳期辅助饲喂。本文综述人工乳对仔猪生长性能、肠道健康、免疫功能及母猪体况的影响，并分析蛋白来源、功能性添加剂和饲喂模式对其应用效果的调节作用。现有研究表明，人工乳可在一定程度上提高仔猪的断奶重、存活率及窝内均匀度，并减少母猪哺乳期体况损失；但因其在免疫球蛋白、寡糖、生长因子等生物活性成分上与母猪母乳存在差异，对仔猪生理功能发育的调控仍难以完全替代母乳。未来仍需优化人工乳配方与饲喂策略，以提升其营养供给和生理调控功能。

关键词: 人工乳, 仔猪, 生长性能, 肠道健康, 母猪体况, 断奶重

Abstract: With the continuous improvement of reproductive performance in modern sow production, the relative insufficiency of sow milk supply has become an important factor limiting the growth, development, and survival of piglets. As a supplement to or substitute for sow milk, artificial milk is mainly used in early weaning and auxiliary feeding during lactation. This review summarized the effects of artificial milk on growth performance, intestinal health, and immune function in piglets, and on body condition in sows, and analyzed the regulatory effects of protein sources, functional additives, and feeding patterns on its efficacy. Current evidence indicated that artificial milk can improve weaning weight, survival rate, and within-litter uniformity of piglets in some extent, while reducing body condition loss in lactating sows. However, owing to differences from sow milk in bioactive components such as immunoglobulins, oligosaccharides, and growth factors, artificial milk cannot fully replace sow milk in regulating piglets's physiological development. Further studies are needed to optimize the formula composition and feeding strategies of artificial milk to enhance its nutritional supply and physiological regulatory functions.

Key words: artificial milk, piglets, growth performance, intestinal health, sow body condition, weaning weight

中图分类号: S828；S816.4

刘言, 李彬, 魏堂鸿, 周思诗, 李镇江, 刘韵涵, 罗何峰, 车炼强. 人工乳在哺乳仔猪生产中的应用研究进展[J]. 中国猪业, 2026, 21(5): 58-69.

LIU Yan, LI Bin, WEI Tanghong, ZHOU Sishi, LI Zhenjiang, LIU Yunhan, LUO Hefeng, CHE Lianqiang. Advances in the application of artificial milk in suckling piglet production: a review[J]. China Swine Industry, 2026, 21(5): 58-69.

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