中国猪业 ›› 2025, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (3): 32-41.doi: 10.16174/j.issn.1673-4645.2025.03.004

• 营养饲料 • 上一篇    下一篇

液态发酵饲料在猪营养调控上的研究进展

王力,李彬,苏志鹏   

  • 出版日期:2025-07-04 发布日期:2025-06-25

  • Online:2025-07-04 Published:2025-06-25

摘要: 液态发酵饲料(Fermented liquid feed, FLF)因其独特的微生物代谢特性与营养调控功能,已成为现代畜牧业绿色转型的重要研究方向。通过将饲料原料与水混合(比例为1∶1.5~1∶4),利用乳酸菌、酵母菌等益生菌的协同发酵制备成FLF,将大分子蛋白质、多糖等降解为小分子活性肽、功能性寡糖及短链脂肪酸等,显著提升饲料的生物利用率。其低pH值环境可抑制病原菌增殖,同时通过调节猪肠道菌群结构、增强肠黏膜屏障功能及优化营养物质代谢,在改善猪只生长性能、肠道健康和肉质方面展现出显著优势。本文综述了FLF 的乳酸菌发酵代谢特征及菌酶协同增效机制,重点分析其对猪生产性能、肠道微生态及肌肉品质的调控作用,为FLF的规模化应用与畜牧业可持续发展提供理论支持。

关键词: 猪, 液体发酵饲料, 发酵机制, 营养调控, 生产性能, 肠道健康, 肉质

Abstract: Fermented liquid feed (FLF) has emerged as a pivotal technology in sustainable animal husbandry due to its unique microbial metabolic properties and nutritional regulatory functions. FLF was prepared by mixing feed ingredients with water (ratio of 1∶1.5 to 1∶4) and utilizing the synergistic fermentation of probiotics such as lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. Degradation of large molecular proteins and polysaccharides into small molecular active peptides, functional poligosaccharides and short-chain fatty acids, etc., which significantly improved the bioavailability of feed. The low-pH environment of FLF inhibited pathogenic bacteria proliferation while modulating gut microbiota composition, strengthening intestinal barrier function, and optimizing nutrient metabolism. These mechanisms contributed to significant improvements in swine growth performance, gut health, and meat quality. This review systematically summarized the metabolic characteristics of lactic acid bacteria fermentation and the synergistic mechanisms of microbial-enzymatic interactions in FLF, with a focus on its regulatory effects on swine production performance, gut microbiota, and muscle quality. The findings provided theoretical support for the large-scale application of FLF and sustainable development of animal husbandry.

Key words: pig, fermented liquid feed, fermentation mechanism, Nutritional regulation, growth performance, gut health, meat quality

中图分类号:  S828;S816

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