楼房猪场中品种、胎次及季节对法系母猪繁殖性能的影响

doi:10.16174/j.issn.1673-4645.2025.03.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究旨在探讨在楼房猪场中，品种、胎次及配种季节对法系母猪繁殖性状的影响。以华南、西南地区共3个楼房猪场的33452头法系母猪数据为基础，采用R4.4.2软件统计大白母猪（YY）和长大二元母猪（LY）的分娩数据，并运用线性混合模型（LMM）分析不同生产线、品种、胎次及配种季节下繁殖性能的差异。结果表明，生产线、品种、胎次是显著影响繁殖性状的最主要因素（P＜0.01）。LY 二元母猪比YY 纯种母猪的窝均活仔数提高1.25%，窝均断奶数提高2.74%，窝均死胎数降低27.5%；第3 胎次总仔数和活仔数比第1、2、4、5 胎分别高3.07%、3.56%、0.6%、0.07%和3.52%、3.14%、0.86%、0%；春季母猪的总仔数比夏季、秋季、冬季分别高0.88%、1.02%、1.64%；261～280日龄首次配种母猪的总仔数和活仔数比≤200 日龄区间、201～220 日龄区间、221～240 日龄区间、241～260 日龄区间、≥281日龄区间分别高3.4%、2.76%、2.41%、1.02%、0.47%和4.59%、3.27%、2.21%、0.87%、0.51%。

关键词: 猪；繁殖性状；品种；季节；胎次；法系母猪；楼房猪场

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the effects of breed, parity, and mating season on reproductive traits of French-derived sows in multi-story pig farms. Based on data from 33 452 French-derived sows across three multi-story pig farms in South China and Southwest China, delivery records of Landrace sows (YY) and Landrace×Yorkshire crossbred sows (LY) were statistically analyzed using R4.4.2 software. A Linear Mixed Model (LMM) was applied to evaluate differences in reproductive performance across production lines, breeds, parities, and mating seasons. The results demonstrated that production line, breed, and parity were the most significant factors influencing reproductive traits (P＜0.01). Compared with YY purebred sows, LY crossbred sows exhibited a 1.25% increase in average live-born piglets per litter, a 2.74% increase in average weaned piglets per litter, and a 27.5% reduction in average stillborn piglets per litter. Furthermore, sows at parity 3 demonstrated 3.07%, 3.56%, 0.6%, and 0.07% higher total born piglets, along with 3.52%, 3.14%, 0.86%, and 0% higher live-born piglets relative to parities 1, 2, 4, and 5, respectively. Regarding seasonal variations, sows farrowing in spring produced 0.88%, 1.02%, and 1.64% more total born piglets than those farrowing in summer, autumn, and winter. For first-mating gilts, those bred at 261 to 280 days of age showed superior reproductive outcomes: total born piglets were 3.4%, 2.76%, 2.41%, 1.02%, and 0.47% higher, while live-born piglets were 4.59%, 3.27%, 2.21%, 0.87%, and 0.51% higher compared to gilts bred in the ≤200 d, 201 to 220 d, 221 to 240 d, 241 to 260 d, and ≥281 d of age brackets, respectively.

Key words: pig; reproductive traits; breed; season; parity; french-derived sows; multi-story pig farms

中图分类号: S828；S816

邝伟键，李玉林，胡斌，袁坤，梁祥解. 楼房猪场中品种、胎次及季节对法系母猪繁殖性能的影响[J]. 中国猪业, 2025, 20(3): 23-31.

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