高脂饲料诱导的肥胖猪模型代谢性炎症与系统性免疫稳态失衡研究

doi:10.16174/j.issn.1673-4645.2025.05.0007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探讨高脂饲料诱导的肥胖猪模型中代谢性炎症与系统性免疫稳态失衡的关联性，本研究选取40日龄健康白猪24头，随机分为对照组（饲喂基础饲粮）和高脂组（饲喂高脂饲粮），每组12头，试验期12周。采用Westernblot检测 adipose组织中炎症相关蛋白（NF-κBp65、IκBα）的表达水平，qRT-PCR检测外周血单核细胞及肝脏、脂肪组织中促炎因子（TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β）和抑炎因子（IL-10、TGF-β）的mRNA相对表达量。结果显示，与对照组相比，高脂组猪终末体重、Lee's指数及脂肪系数显著升高（P＜0.05）；脂肪组织中NF-κBp65磷酸化水平显著升高（P＜0.05），IκBα蛋白表达量显著降低（P＜0.05）；外周血单核细胞及肝脏、脂肪组织中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1βmRNA表达量显著上调（P＜0.05），而IL-10、TGF-βmRNA表达量显著下调（P＜0.05）。结论：高脂饲料诱导的肥胖猪存在明显的代谢性炎症反应，其机制可能与NF-κB信号通路激活有关，同时伴随系统性免疫稳态失衡，表现为促炎因子高表达与抑炎因子低表达的失衡状态。本研究为肥胖相关代谢性疾病的发病机制及干预研究提供了理想的大动物模型依据。

关键词: 猪；高脂饲料；肥胖；猪模型；代谢性炎症；免疫稳态；NF-κB信号通路

Abstract: To explore the association between metabolic inflammation and systemic immune homeostasis imbalance in obese pig models induced by a high-fat feed, this study selected 24 healthy 40 day old white pigs and randomly divided them into two groups, the control group (fed a basal feed) and the high-fat group (fed a high-fat feed), with 12 pigs in each group. The experiment lasted for 12 weeks. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of inflammation-related proteins (NF-κB p65, IκBα) in adipose tissue. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to determine the relative mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10, TGF-β) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, liver, and adipose tissue. The results showed that compared with the control group, the final body weight, Lee's index, and fat coefficient of pigs in the high-fat group were significantly increased (P＜0.05); the phosphorylation level of NF-κB p65 in adipose tissue was significantly increased (P＜0.05), while the protein expression level of IκBα was significantly decreased (P＜0.05); the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, liver and adipose tissue were significantly up-regulated (P＜0.05), whereas the mRNA expression levels of IL-10 and TGF-β were significantly down-regulated (P＜0.05). In conclusion, pigs with obesity induced by a high-fat feed exhibit obvious metabolic inflammatory responses, and the mechanism may be related to the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Meanwhile, they were accompanied by systemic immune homeostasis imbalance, which was manifested as an imbalanced state of high expression of pro-inflammatory factors and low expression of anti-inflammatory factors. This study provided an ideal large animal model basis for the research on the pathogenesis and intervention of obesity-related metabolic diseases.

Key words: pig; high-fat feed; obesity; pig model; metabolic inflammation; immune homeostasis; NF-κB signaling pathway

中图分类号: S828；S816

李强，陈彦合，弓超，李建龙，郭庆勇. 高脂饲料诱导的肥胖猪模型代谢性炎症与系统性免疫稳态失衡研究[J]. 中国猪业, 2025, 20(5): 59-64.

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