基于SNP芯片的稻城藏猪保种群体遗传结构分析

doi:10.16174/j.issn.1673-4645.2025.05.0005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究旨在阐明藏猪保种群体的遗传结构，分析其遗传多样性并构建其分子系谱，为这一珍贵遗传资源的科学保护和合理利用提供理论依据。试验利用“中芯一号”SNP芯片对111头稻城藏猪（80头公猪、31头母猪）进行了遗传多样性分析并划分家系。遗传结构分析结果显示：该群体的有效群体数（Ne）为8.2，多态标记比例（PN）达0.562，观察杂合度（Ho）为0.219，期望杂合度（He）为0.215，多态性信息含量（PIC）为0.165，基于纯合片段（ROH）计算的平均群体近交系数（FROH）为0.09，说明藏猪保种群体遗传多样性水平偏低，整体近交系数偏高，群体内存在一定的近交风险。分子系谱构建方面，80头公猪被归类为17个独立血缘谱系，母猪依据遗传关联关系划入相应谱系，另有5头母猪因与所有参测公猪亲缘关系较远（亲缘系数＜0.1）被归入“其他”类别，该情况可能与原始系谱不健全，部分藏猪家系血统较混乱有关。综上，藏猪种质资源具备一定的遗传多样性基础，但群体内存在近交风险。未来可引入无血缘关系的其他保种群个体，丰富基因库；在保种策略上，应优先选择亲缘关系较远的个体进行配种，以有效降低整体近交水平。

关键词: 藏猪, 遗传结构, 遗传多样性, 分子系谱, SNP, 保种

Abstract: This study aimed to elucidate the genetic structure of Tibetan pig conservation populations, analyze their genetic diversity, and construct molecular pedigrees, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the scientific conservation and rational utilization of this valuable genetic resource. In this study, 111 Daocheng Tibetan pigs (80 boars and 31 sows) were analyzed for genetic diversity and family structure using the "Zhongxin-1 Porcine Breeding Array PLUS chips". The genetic structure analysis results showed that the effective population content (Ne) of the Tibetan pig population was 8.2, the proportion of polymorphic markers (PN) was 0.562, the observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0.219, the expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.215, the polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.165, and the average inbreeding coefficient calculated based on ROH was 0.09. It indicated that the genetic diversity level of the Tibetan pig conservation population was relatively low, inbreeding coefficient was relatively high, and a risk of inbreeding within the population. Existed 80 boars were divided into 17 families, the sows were classified according to their kinship, and 5 sows were distantly related to the boars tested and were classified as "other", maybe it was due to the incomplete original genealogy, and some Tibetan pig lineages with chaotic bloodlines. In summary, the Tibetan pig population had a certain genetic diversity, and there was a risk of inbreeding in the population, so in the future, unrelated individuals from other breeding groups can be introduced to enrich the gene pool, and individuals with distant relatives can be preferentially selected for breeding, so as to effectively reduce the level of inbreeding in the group.

Key words: Tibetan pigs, genetic structure, genetic diversity, molecular genealogy, SNP, breed conservation

中图分类号: S828；S813.9

沈瑶, 呷西彭错, 罗淦, 格茸卓玛, 洛茸拉姆, 刘鹏亮, 顾以韧. 基于SNP芯片的稻城藏猪保种群体遗传结构分析[J]. 中国猪业, 2025, 20(5): 3-13.

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