Abstract: Endometritis is a common reproductive disease in animal husbandry, frequently occurring in dairy cows, sows, and sheep. It can lead to reduce milk production, decrease reproductive efficiency, and increase culling rates, not only affecting animal productivity but also significantly diminishing economic returns. Due to its diverse clinical manifestations, complex etiology, and high incidence, it has long been a subject of significant concern.In recent years, advancements in high-throughput sequencing technologies have enabled transcriptomics-based bioinformatics analyses to deeply explore gene expression patterns associated with endometritis, providing technical support for elucidating its regulatory mechanisms. This review summarized the primary applications and advancements of transcriptome sequencing in research related to uterine endometritis in female livestock. It systematically identified key differentially expressed genes and signaling pathways associated with the disease, offering new insights into strategies for improving uterine endometritis management in female livestock. This work aimed to provide a theoretical foundation for enhancing reproductive health and ultimately improving reproductive performance in female livestock.