基于GWAS挖掘大白猪初生重和乳头数的候选基因

doi:10.16174/j.issn.1673-4645.2026.05.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 初生重和乳头数会直接影响仔猪存活率和生产效益。本试验通过全基因组关联分析筛选与大白猪初生重和乳头数性状相关的候选基因，以期为分子育种提供理论依据。本试验以1244头大白猪为研究对象，采用猪80K功能位点基因芯片进行基因分型，经质量控制后保留147973个SNP用于后续分析。通过rMVP软件包中的混合线性模型（Mixedlinearmodel, MLM）、一般线性模型（Generallinearmodel, GLM）和固定随机模型循环概率统一（Fixedandrandommodelcirculatingprobabilityunification, FarmCPU）分别对初生重、左乳头数、右乳头数及总乳头数进行GWAS分析。结果显示，初生重、左乳头数、右乳头数及总乳头数的遗传力分别为0.373、0.227、0.189、0.236。综合3种模型分析结果，筛选出影响初生重的候选基因包括CADM2、KDM5B、SLC36A1等，以及影响乳头数的候选基因包括ZMYND8、DSCAML1、EYA2等。GO功能富集分析表明，初生重性状的候选基因显著富集于神经元发育与形态发生等生物学过程中；而乳头数性状的候选基因显著富集于神经发育、类固醇激素信号转导等生物学过程。

关键词: 大白猪, GWAS, 初生重, 乳头数, 候选基因, 基因芯片

Abstract: Birth weight and teat number directly affect piglet survival rate and production efficiency. In this study, genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed to identify candidate genes associated with birth weight and teat number traits in Large White pigs, providing a theoretical basis for molecular breeding. A total of 1 244 Large white pigs were genotyped using a porcine 80K functional SNP chip, and after quality control, 147 973 SNPs were retained for subsequent analysis. GWAS was conducted for birth weight, left teat number, right teat number and total teat number using the General linear model (GLM), Mixed linear model (MLM) and Fixed and random model Circulating Probability Unification (FarmCPU) in the rMVP package. The results showed that the heritabilities estimates for birth weight, left teat number, right teat number and total teat number were 0.373, 0.227, 0.189 and 0.236 respectively. By integrating the results from the three models, candidate genes affecting birth weight included CADM2, KDM5B, SLC36A 1 and so on, while candidate genes affecting teat number included ZMYND8, DSCAML1, EYA 2, and so on . GO functional enrichment analysis indicated that candidate genes for birth weight were significantly enriched in biological processes such as neuronal development and morphogenesis, whereas candidate genes for teat number were significantly enriched in biological processes such as neural development and steroid hormone signal transduction.

Key words: Large white pigs, GWAS, birth weight, teat number, candidate genes, gene chip

中图分类号: S828；S813.3

林坚, 陈馨玥, 冯越, 徐忠, 顾以韧. 基于GWAS挖掘大白猪初生重和乳头数的候选基因[J]. 中国猪业, 2026, 21(5): 3-10.

LIN Jian, CHEN Xinyue, FENG Yue, XU Zhong, GU Yiren. Identification of candidate genes for birth weight and teat number in large white pigs based on GWAS[J]. China Swine Industry, 2026, 21(5): 3-10.

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