智慧养猪中自动料线与饲喂站的应用现状及优化路径

doi:10.16174/j.issn.1673-4645.2026.04.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在现代畜牧业中，自动料线与饲喂站已成为智慧养猪的核心装备，这些装备能把生猪养殖从过去依靠经验的模式，逐步转变到以数据为核心的精细管理模式上。本文梳理了这两类设备的应用现状，对比了干料线与液态料线的技术特点以及各自适用的场景，指出了它们在精准饲喂、提高饲料利用率、降低人工成本以及改善动物福利等方面取得的成效，同时也提出推广过程中遇到的高成本、数据孤岛、模型滞后以及人才短缺等具体难题。针对这些难点，文章提出了3个优化路径：一是构建由数据驱动的精准营养动态模型，将营养调控从群体配方细化到个体水平；二是推动饲喂系统智能协同升级，让饲喂站转变为集视觉、声音、红外于一体的系统，再借助PLC控制、机器视觉和数字孪生技术，提升自动料线的智能化水平和可靠性；三是强化场景化应用，对大型一体化养殖场推行数智化集成方案，而对中小规模猪场则提供模块化、轻量化的解决方案。未来随着边缘AI芯片、联邦学习等新技术的深入应用，再加上政策与标准体系的逐步完善，自动料线与饲喂站会朝着更智能、更集成、更个性化的方向发展，精细化养殖管理也会成为常态化，为我国养猪业的高质量、可持续发展提供有力支撑。

关键词: 智慧养猪, 自动料线, 自动饲喂站, 精准饲喂, 数智化

Abstract: In modern animal husbandry, automatic feed lines and feeding stations have become the core equipment of intelligent pig breeding. These equipment can gradually change pig breeding from the experience-based model in the past to the data-based fine management mode. This article sorted out the application status of these two types of equipment, compared the technical characteristics of dry material line and liquid feed line and their respective applicable scenarios, and pointed out that they have achieved obvious results in accurate feeding, improving feed utilization, reducing labor costs and improving animal welfare. At the same time, specific challenges such as high costs, data isolation, model lag and talent shortage were also encountered in the process. In response to these difficulties, the article put forward three core optimization paths. First, build a data-driven accurate nutrition dynamic model, refine nutrition regulation from group formula to individual level; second, promote the intelligent and collaborative upgrading of the feeding system, so that the feeding station can be transformed into a multi-modal health sentry station integrating vision, sound and infrared, and then with the help of PLC control, machine vision and digital twin technology, it improves the intelligence level and reliability of the automatic feed line; Third, strengthen the application and model innovation of the scenario, and implement the number of large-scale integrated farms. Intelligent integrated solutions, and provide modular and lightweight solutions for small and medium-sized pig farms. In the future, with the in-depth application of new technologies such as edge AI chips and federal learning, coupled with the gradual improvement of policies and standard systems, automatic feeding lines and feeding stations will develop in a more intelligent, integrated and personalized direction, and refined breeding management will also become the norm, which can provide strong support for the high quality and sustainable development strong support.

Key words: smart pig farming, automatic feeding line, automatic feeding station, precise feeding, digital intelligence

中图分类号: S828；S817.3

孙文萱, 姜波, 王文文. 智慧养猪中自动料线与饲喂站的应用现状及优化路径[J]. 中国猪业, 2026, 21(4): 17-25.

SUN Wenxuan, JIANG Bo, WANG Wenwen. The application status and optimization path of automatic feed lines and feeding stations in smart pig farming[J]. China Swine Industry, 2026, 21(4): 17-25.

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