中国猪业 ›› 2025, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (4): 73-83.doi: 10.16174/j.issn.1673-4645.2025.04.0011

• 生物安全与疫病防控 • 上一篇    

2022—2024年湖南部分规模化猪场猪圆环病毒2型和3型流行对比分析

赵志超,王艺涵,张慧   

  • 出版日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-08-25

  • Online:2025-08-25 Published:2025-08-25

摘要: 比较分析湖南省5个规模化母猪场中猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)和3型(PCV3)的流行情况、基因组特征和遗传变异情况,试验于2022年1月至2024年12月从5个规模化母猪场中采集流产胎儿、仔猪去势液和脐带血等组织样品9760份,以及1份疑似圆环病毒感染的病死猪肺脏样品,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测样品中PCV2和PCV3的感染情况。对PCR阳性样本克隆PCV3全长序列,利用生物信息学软件进行遗传进化分析。结果表明:PCV2总体阳性率为1.78%(174/9760),PCV3总体阳性率为27.88%(2721/9760),二者混合感染率为0.67%(65/9760),其中C场PCV2和PCV3检出率最高,PCV2为3.74%(30/802),PCV3为52.62%(422/802),仔猪去势液中PCV2和PCV3检出率最高,PCV2阳性率为2.07%(139/6701),PCV3阳性率为34.73%(2327/6701)。根据PCR扩增测序结果拼接获得了1株PCV3基因组序列,遗传进化结果显示该毒株属于PCV3a亚型。发现湖南5个规模化母猪场中PCV3流行率高于PCV2,且流行的PCV3毒株为PCV3a基因亚型,该结果有助于为规模化猪场PCV3的防控提供参考。

关键词: 猪圆环病毒2型;猪圆环病毒3型;荧光定量PCR;全基因组扩增;遗传进化分析

Abstract: This study investigated the epidemiology, genomic characteristics, and genetic variability of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and type 3 (PCV3) across five large-scale sow farms in Hunan Province. From January 2022 to December 2024, a total of 9 760 tissue samples (including aborted fetuses, castration fluids, and umbilical cord blood) were collected from these farms. And one sample of lung tissue was from a pig that died of suspected circovirus infection. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was employed to detect PCV2 and PCV3 infections. The results revealed: (1) The overall positive rates were 1.78% (174/9 760) for PCV2 and 27.88% (2 721/9 760) for PCV3, with a co-infection rate of 0.67% (65/9 760). (2) Farm C exhibited the highest detection rates: 3.74% (30/802) for PCV2 and 52.62% (422/802) for PCV3. (3) Among sample types, castration fluids showed the highest positive rates: 2.07% (139/6 701) for PCV2 and 34.73% (2 327/6 701) for PCV3. Through PCR amplification and sequencing, one complete PCV3 genome was assembled from a PCR-positive lung samples. Phylogenetic analysis classified this strain as PCV3a, a predominant sub type in the region. Monitoring findings PCV3 demonstrated higher significantly prevalence than PCV2 in the surveyed farms, a PCV3 isolated strain was sequenced and genotyped as PCV3a. These findings provided critical insights for PCV3 surveillance and control strategies in large-scale pig farms.

Key words: PCV2; PCV3; qRT-PCR; whole genome amplification; genetic evolution analysis

中图分类号:  S828;S852.65

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