中国猪业 ›› 2025, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (4): 31-39.doi: 10.16174/j.issn.1673-4645.2025.04.0003

• 营养饲料 • 上一篇    

基于代谢组学技术分析母猪饲粮能量水平对哺乳仔猪血清代谢的影响

安瑞,杨坤,王言,梁艳,陈晓晖   

  • 出版日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-08-25

  • Online:2025-08-25 Published:2025-08-25

摘要: 利用代谢组学技术分析哺乳仔猪血清代谢物的变化,旨在探讨提高川乡黑猪哺乳母猪饲粮能量水平对哺乳仔猪机体代谢的影响。本研究选择川乡黑猪母猪36头,随机分为3组,每组12头猪。对照组母猪饲粮消化能水平为13.81MJ/kg、试验Ⅰ组消化能水平为14.43MJ/kg,试验Ⅱ组消化能水平为15.06MJ/kg。试验期为产前7d至产后第28d仔猪断奶结束。断奶结束后采集仔猪血清进行代谢组学分析。结果显示,与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组主要的代谢通路包括甘油磷脂代谢、维生素消化吸收和花生四烯酸代谢等,参与其代谢通路的主要代谢物有乙酰胆碱,溶血磷脂酸(LPA)(18:1)、(LPA)(22:5),溶血磷脂酸胆碱(LPC)(22:4),血栓素B2和维生素A均显著上调(P<0.05),维生素B2和LPC(18:3)显著下调(P<0.05);哺乳母猪饲粮能量水平升高至15.06MJ/kg时,主要影响精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、酪氨酸代谢、色氨酸代谢、维生素B6代谢、三羧酸循环和亚油酸代谢,其主要代谢物胍基乙酸、琢-甲基多巴和左旋多巴等的相对浓度显著下降(P<0.05),吡哆胺磷酸酯酮戊二酸和12,13-diHOME等浓度显著上升(P<0.05)。综上所述,哺乳母猪饲粮能量水平从13.81MJ/kg增加至14.43MJ/kg时,会引起仔猪脂质代谢异常;当母猪饲粮能量水平增加至15.06MJ/kg时,仔猪蛋白质和脂质分解代谢增强、神经递质代谢紊乱,三羧酸循环增强,其可能导致机体能量代谢异常和神经内分泌系统失衡。

关键词: 饲粮能量水平;哺乳仔猪;血清代谢组学

Abstract: Metabolomics technology was used to analyze the changes of serum metabolites of suckling piglets in order to investigate the effects of increasing dietary energy level of suckling sows of Chuanxiang black pigs on the body metabolism of suckling piglets. Thirty-six sows of Chuanxiang black pigs were randomly divided into 3 groups with 12 pigs in each group. The digestible energy level of sows in control group was 13.81 MJ/kg, that in composite test Ⅰ group was 14.43 MJ/kg, and that in composite test Ⅱ group was 15.06 MJ/kg. The experiment lasted from 7 days before delivery to 28 days after delivery. After weaning, the serum of piglets was collected for metabolomics analysis. The results showed that compared with the control group, the main metabolic pathways in composite test Ⅰ group included glycerophospholipid metabolism, vitamin digestion and absorption, arachidonic acid metabolism, etc. The main metabolites involved in its metabolic pathway, acetylcholine, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) (18:1), LPA (22:5), choline lysate (LPC) (22:4), thromboxane B2 and vitamin A were significantly up-regulated (P<0.05), vitamin B2 and LPC (18:3) were significantly down-regulated (P<0.05); When the dietary energy level of lactating sows was increased to 15.06 MJ/kg, the metabolism of arginine and proline metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, vitamin B6 metabolism, citrate cycle and linoleic acid metabolism were mainly affected, and the relative concentrations of main metabolites guanidinoacetic acid, α-methyldopa and levodopa were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The concentrations of pyridoxamine 5-phosphate ketone glutaric acid and 12,13-diHOME were significantly increased (P<0.05). In summary, when the dietary energy level of lactating sows is increased from 13.81 MJ/kg to 14.43 MJ/kg, the lipid metabolism of piglets will be abnormal. When the dietary energy level of sows is increased to 15.06 MJ/kg, protein and lipid catabolic metabolism of piglets is enhanced, neurotransmitter metabolism is disturbed, and tricarboxylic acid circulation is enhanced, which may lead to abnormal energy metabolism and neuroendocrine system imbalance.

Key words: energy level of diet; suckling piglets; serum metabolomics

中图分类号:  S828;S852.2

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