Abstract: Sex control technology is a core technique for optimizing the breeding system and enhancing breeding efficiency, which is great significance to the high-quality development of the pig industry. Among them, the efficient separation technology of X/Y sperm is the core link of pig sex control technology. This article focused on the research progress of the formation process, differential characteristics and separation techniques of X/Y sperm in pigs, and deeply analyzed the bottlenecks of current sorting technologies in terms of efficiency, safety and industrial application. Although high-purity separation can already be achieved by using flow cytometry sorting technology, there are still problems such as high cost, viability damage great and difficulty in industrial application. Emerging technologies such as microfluidic chips and immune sorting techniques have the potential for low damage, but they still need to be further verified in production. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen basic research in this field, analyze key molecular markers, develop low-cost, efficient, safe and portable sorting technologies, promote the integrated application of multiple technologies, so as to break through the difficulties in industrial application and contribute to the construction of an efficient pig breeding system and the high-quality development of the industry.

Key words: pig, sex control, X/Y sperm separation, efficient reproduction, flow cytometry, microfluidic chip, immune sorting technology