Abstract: This study aimed to elucidate the genetic structure of Tibetan pig conservation populations, analyze their genetic diversity, and construct molecular pedigrees, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the scientific conservation and rational utilization of this valuable genetic resource. In this study, 111 Daocheng Tibetan pigs (80 boars and 31 sows) were analyzed for genetic diversity and family structure using the "Zhongxin-1 Porcine Breeding Array PLUS chips". The genetic structure analysis results showed that the effective population content (Ne) of the Tibetan pig population was 8.2, the proportion of polymorphic markers (PN) was 0.562, the observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0.219, the expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.215, the polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.165, and the average inbreeding coefficient calculated based on ROH was 0.09. It indicated that the genetic diversity level of the Tibetan pig conservation population was relatively low, inbreeding coefficient was relatively high, and a risk of inbreeding within the population. Existed 80 boars were divided into 17 families, the sows were classified according to their kinship, and 5 sows were distantly related to the boars tested and were classified as "other", maybe it was due to the incomplete original genealogy, and some Tibetan pig lineages with chaotic bloodlines. In summary, the Tibetan pig population had a certain genetic diversity, and there was a risk of inbreeding in the population, so in the future, unrelated individuals from other breeding groups can be introduced to enrich the gene pool, and individuals with distant relatives can be preferentially selected for breeding, so as to effectively reduce the level of inbreeding in the group.

Key words: Tibetan pigs, genetic structure, genetic diversity, molecular genealogy, SNP, breed conservation